Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine and is common in children and adolescents. There are about 3 million diagnoses in the U.S. every year. Most of these are idiopathic, meaning there is no known or obvious cause.
Spine curvature can be mild or severe, but even in mild scoliosis, a child can develop later complications, like chronic back pain. Mild cases rarely correct themselves, so it is important to see a back and spine specialist for early diagnosis and treatment options.
What Is Mild Scoliosis?
Mild scoliosis includes the less severe cases of curvature. Physicians use imaging to assess the degree of curvature in the spine and describe it using the Cobb angle. Individuals with a Cobb angle of 10 to 20 degrees are considered to have mild scoliosis.
Curvature between 20 and 40 degrees is described as moderate. A person with a Cobb angle above 40 degrees has severe scoliosis.
| Grade | Cobb Angle (Degrees) | Severity | Common Symptoms | Typical Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1: Mild | 10°–20° | Mild | May be asymptomatic or cause minor discomfort | Monitoring, physical therapy, posture correction |
| Grade 2: Moderate | 21°–40° | Moderate | Visible curvature, uneven shoulders or hips | Bracing, PT, continued observation |
| Grade 3: Severe | 41°–60° | Severe | Noticeable curve, back pain, breathing difficulty | Bracing, possible surgical consultation |
| Grade 4: Very Severe | >60° | Very Severe | Major posture changes, significant symptoms | Surgery often required |
Signs of Scoliosis
One of the issues with detecting mild scoliosis is that the signs are subtle. They can get worse over time, though, so it is important to note and investigate any worrying signs. Some of the signs and symptoms of scoliosis in a child include:
- The hips or shoulders appear uneven or unbalanced. One side might stick out more.
- The head does not sit directly over the center of the pelvis.
- The child tends to lean to one side.
- Their posture changes.
Pain or discomfort is not typical in mild cases of scoliosis, but it can occur if the curvature worsens.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early detection of even mild scoliosis is important. If diagnosed before the child experiences their next growth spurt, a specialist can help prevent a worsening of the curvature. Most children are diagnosed after age 10, and the curve can worsen.
Diagnosing scoliosis begins with a simple physical exam. The child bends at the waist, and the physician looks at the back of their rib cage to see if one side sticks out more than the other. They may then confirm a diagnosis and measure the Cobb angle using X-ray images.
How To Treat Mild Scoliosis
Not all children with mild curvatures need treatment. However, it is important to be evaluated. Some mild cases can benefit from treatment to prevent the curvature from worsening. Untreated scoliosis can cause later discomfort and mobility issues. Treating it early is the best way to ensure better outcomes for a child.
Surgery is the only way to correct spinal curvature, but it is only necessary for children with severe scoliosis. Most children with mild scoliosis need regular monitoring. This helps a specialist determine if your child’s curvature is worsening and if they need any interventions.
Your specialist might recommend some nonsurgical interventions now, depending on your child’s curvature and symptoms. Bracing, for example, can prevent worsening of the spine’s curve. Special exercises, like posture training, directed by a physical therapist, can also be beneficial.
When To See an Orthopedist for Scoliosis
If your child has been screened for scoliosis and determined to have mild curvature, your pediatrician likely has recommendations for what to do next. You can always see an orthopedist for more specialized care or if you have concerns about your child’s symptoms or progression.
A back and spine orthopedist is experienced in managing and treating scoliosis. They can provide a definite diagnosis, degree of curvature, and recommendations for therapies and ongoing monitoring.
If you have concerns about your child’s back or scoliosis, contact us to make an appointment with one of our orthopedists.
